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genius loci
In classical Roman religion a ''genius loci'' was the protective spirit of a place. It was often depicted in religious iconography as a figure holding attributes such as a cornucopia, patera (libation bowl) or snake. Many Roman altars found throughout the Western Roman Empire were dedicated to a particular ''genius loci''. The Roman imperial cults of the Emperor and the imperial house developed in part in connections with the sacrifices made by neighborhood associations ''(vici)'' to the local ''genius.'' These 265 local districts〔Number is for the city of Rome, cf. Plin. Nat.Hist. III 66〕 had their cult organised around the ''Lares Compitales'' (guardian spirits or ''lares'' of the crossroads), which the emperor Augustus transformed into ''Lares Augusti'' along with the ''Genius Augusti''.〔Woolf, Greg. (2008). "Divinity and Power in Ancient Rome" in ''Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond'' ed Nicole Brisch (Oriental Institute Seminars No. 4), Chicago:The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago〕 The Emperor's ''genius'' is then regarded as the ''genius loci'' of the Roman Empire as a whole.
Roman examples of these Genii can be found, for example, at the church of St. Giles, Tockenham, Wiltshire where the genius loci is depicted as a relief in the wall of a Norman church built of Roman material. This shows "a youthful and curly-haired Roman Genius worked in high relief, holding a cornucopia in his left hand and a ''patera'' in his right', which previously has been "erroneously identified as Asclepius".〔Toynbee, J.M.C. (1978). "Two Romano-British Genii", in ''Britannia'', Vol 9, p330. London:Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies〕
==Asian usage==
The numinous spirits of places in Asia are still honored today in city pillar shrines, outdoor spirit houses and indoor household and business shrines.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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